Analyzing the Effects of Wildfires on Air Quality Across the United States

Abstract

Wildfires have become increasingly frequent and severe across the United States, releasing substantial amounts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a pollutant known to pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Elevated PM2.5 levels during wildfire events can affect air quality far beyond the fire’s origin, with implications for public health, environmental monitoring, and policy. This study investigates the impact of wildfires on air quality by integrating advanced visualization tools with spatial and spatiotemporal statistical modeling. Using nationwide wildfire and air quality datasets, we examine pollutant dispersion patterns, identify the most affected regions, and assess regional vulnerabilities to wildfire smoke. Our methodology captures both spatial heat signatures and temporal dynamics of PM2.5 concentrations in relation to wildfire activity. The results provide critical insights into the geographic and temporal variability of wildfire-driven air pollution. By quantifying these effects, our findings support improved air quality forecasting, inform targeted public health responses, and contribute to the development of more effective environmental and emergency preparedness policies.