Analyzing the vulnerability of US Power Grids to Climate Change related Stressors

Abstract

The importance of the power grid under the energy sector umbrella is difficult to overstate, as it enables the function of nearly all critical infrastructure systems. The interconnected assets within electrical substations enable the function of our society and economy. With such a vast system of interconnected nodes, threats to the stability of this network come in many forms, from natural hazards to malicious threats. To begin quantifying these impacts, our initial study focuses on developing a novel software-based asset survey system utilizing satellite and street view imagery for classifying and geolocating component-level assets within extra high-voltage substations. The ability to accurately differentiate components and spatially plot transmission and distribution assets allows for a more detailed analysis of vulnerabilities and external stressors beyond what is currently available in open-source repositories. To this end, using this surveying system, our research has categorized components of over 1,300 substations in the US alone. Notably, our ability to create classifications of this resolution entirely from publicly accessible data encourages the expansion and application of our methodology beyond a national region of interest. Through refining our research to improve component-level granularity, the ongoing study aims to provide deeper insight into the socioeconomic impacts incurred when power grids suffer degradation. Foundational research already supports precise simulation of performance under scenarios such as extreme weather conditions and prolonged heat waves, informing future strategies aimed at bolstering the resilience of the US power grid against climate-related challenges, ultimately safeguarding the reliability of electrical distribution for all.